What happens when power goes out in a hospital, a data center, or a factory? The backup generators instantly pick up the load, so all operations keep running interruption-free. However, making sure these backup generators work exactly as promised can be difficult. This is where load banks come in.
Let’s break down what load banks are, their types, and usage.
What is a Load Bank?
A load bank is a self-contained, specialised device that absorbs electrical power. It allows you to test varying power sources, such as:
- Generators
- Uninterruptible power supply (UPS) systems
- Battery strings
Load banks are typically used for preventive maintenance. Since the load is predictable and repeatable, engineers can verify that the equipment delivers its ideal kilowatts.
Types of Load Banks
Types of load banks include:
Resistive Load Banks
Resistive load banks use high-power resistors and cooling fans to convert electrical energy directly into heat. They stress the engine and voltage regulator of a generator at its full capacity. Resistive load banks can also be used to test portable generators, small generators, and UPS systems.
Reactive Load Banks
Unlike resistive load banks, reactive load banks convert electrical energy into a magnetic field. They introduce reactive power (kVAR) by using either inductors or capacitors. Reactive load banks provide more realistic testing conditions, making them ideal for motor loads and electronic equipment.
Resistive-Reactive Load Banks
Combined load banks include both resistors and reactors to ensure a comprehensive simulation of various load types. Technicians can apply both kW and kVAR in one package.
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Why Use Load Banks
Load banks are commonly used for the following reasons:
Testing Generators: Load banks are most commonly used to test generators. Technicians make sure that a generator can handle its rated capacity. No need to worry about disrupting facility operations.
Preventing Wet Sacking: When a diesel engine is run at low loads for an extended period of time, unburned fuel, carbon particles, and moisture accumulate. This condition is called wet sacking, and it can lower the engine’s performance. Load banks help mitigate this situation through scheduled discharge tests.
Evaluating Battery Health: Declining batteries of UPS systems can cause more damage than you’d think. With load banks, you can identify and fix weaknesses before an outage occurs.
Preventive Measures: Load bank can help keep your backup batteries and generators in top condition.
Tips for Renting Load Banks
Renting load banks is a cost-effective way to maintain the efficiency and functionality of your backup generators and power systems. Here are some tips you can follow when renting a load bank:
- Learn the features of resistive, reactive, or combined load banks and choose the one that best suits your needs. Consult with an expert for recommendations.
- Make sure the load bank’s capacity is sufficient for your testing needs.
- Keep load banks in a well-ventilated area.
Renting not only saves cost, but also allows you to choose a load bank with the exact capacity needed for your testing.
